M0222

Murashige & Skoog medium including vitamins

Original concentration, (1962)

MS medium is the most used tissue culture medium, of which many variations have been developed. The medium is originated from White’s medium and originally developed for the cultivation of Nicotiana tabacum calli. Compared to White medium, the concentration of all ingredients is increased. An increase to 50-60 mM nitrogen stimulated the growth of Nicotiana cells significantly, however a concentration of 80 mM and higher was clearly disadvantageous to the cells. The increase of all other elements, especially the macro -elements, also stimulated the growth of the calli. Due to the high concentration of minerals, MS medium is a very rich and -saline -medium and may be too salty to certain plant species. To avoid this problem, MS is often used with the micro elements in full concentration, but with the macro elements in respectively half or three-quarter of the concentration as originally described by the authors. Sometimes the original MS vitamines are replaced by the vitamins of Linsmaier and Gamborg B5 medium regarding the higher concentration of Thiamine in relation to the requirement of this vitamin by plants.

Micro Elements mg/l µM
CoCl2.6H2O 0.025 0.11
CuSO4.5H2O 0.025 0.10
FeNaEDTA 36.70 100.00
H3BO3 6.20 100.27
KI 0.83 5.00
MnSO4.H2O 16.90 100.00
Na2MoO4.2H2O 0.25 1.03
ZnSO4.7H2O 8.60 29.91
Macro Elements mg/l mM
CaCl2 332.02 2.99
KH2PO4 170.00 1.25
KNO3 1900.00 18.79
MgSO4 180.54 1.50
NH4NO3 1650.00 20.61
Vitamins mg/l µM
Glycine 2.00 26.64
myo-Inositol 100.00 554.94
Nicotinic acid 0.50 4.06
Pyridoxine HCl 0.50 2.43
Thiamine HCl 0.10 0.30

Total concentration Micro and Macro elements including vitamins: 4405.19 mg/l

Murashige T. and Skoog F., Physiol. Plant, 15, 473 (1962).

Hazard statements

  • H315 Causes skin irritation
  • H319 Causes serious eye irritation
  • H335 May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

  • P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
  • P302 IF ON SKIN:
  • P305 IF IN EYES:
  • P351 Rinse continuously with water for several minutes
  • P352 Wash with soap and water
Filename Language File size
M0222_GB.pdf English 604 KB
M0222_NL.pdf Nederlands 614 KB
M0222_DE.pdf Deutsch 606 KB
M0222_FR.pdf Français 635 KB
M0222_ES.pdf Español 631 KB
M0222_IT.pdf Italiano 622 KB
M0222_PL.pdf Polish 638 KB
M0222_KO.pdf Korean 748 KB
M0222_DA.pdf Danish 602 KB
M0222_SV.pdf Swedish 599 KB
M0222_FI.pdf Finnish 595 KB
M0222_CS.pdf Czech 629 KB
M0222_EL.pdf Greek 660 KB
M0222_TR.pdf Turkish 621 KB
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M0222_P23936_GB.pdf P23936 11-2027 English
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