For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

CKTM medium is a semi-selective medium, which is used in combination with modified TMB medium (T5126) or MXV medium (M5131) to detect Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) in seeds of pepper and tomato.Xcv colonies on plates containing CKTM media are yellow, mucoid, mounded and round. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Czapex Dox Agar medium is used for the cultivation of those fungi and bacteria that are able to utilize sodium nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen.For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

D2ANX is a semi-selective medium, which is used to detect Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). This medium, with a relatively low is often used in combination with the more selective mSCM medium (S5127). Despite the slow growth of Cmm colonies the evaluation of plates can already be performed after 6-7 days of incubation. On mSCM, the growth is more slow and Cmm colonies can only be seen after about 9-10 days. On D2ANX, Cmm colonies are glistening, yellow and mucoid. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

KB (King’s B) is a non-selective medium and used to subculture suspected isolates. Addition of antibiotics such as cephalexine will make the medium (mKB) suitable for the detection of several Pseudomonads such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Pseudomonas savastonoi pv. phaseolicola (see photo).King’s B medium is amongst others used for detection and subculturing of fluorescent pseudomonads from seeds and plants. Pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae produce a blue fluorescent pigment that becomes visible under UV light.For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss) is the causal organism of bacterial brown spot of beans. This bacterium is seed borne and therefore its detection on seeds is important. KBBC medium is a rather selective medium to detect Pss on seeds of beans. This medium is based on King’s B Medium (K5165), however in KBBC Medium boric acid (1.5 g/liter), cephalexin and nystatin are added. Nystatin is used to control fungi. As an alternative, cycloheximide, a more potent fungicide, can be used. KBBC is much more selective than MSP (M5167) and in general the recovery of Pss is smaller on KBBC than on MSP. Pspha, unlike Pss, will not grow on KBBC. Therefore, the chance of detection of Pss is higher when both complementary media are used.Detection of Pss is performed by the dilution plating of bacterial extract on KBBC and MSP. Then Pss-suspected isolates are transferred to KB medium. Finally, the identification of suspected colonies can be performed by a pathogenicity assay or PCR.Colonies of Pss on KBBC are 3-4 mm in diameter, flat, circular, translucent, creamy white and show blue fluorescence under UV light. This medium can also be used for the detection of seed borne Ps porri, Ps pisi and Ps tomato on seed of resp. leek, pea and tomato. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Bacterial speck of tomatoes is caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst). The bacterium can be introduced by the use of Pst-contaminated seeds. Therefore, detection of Pst in seeds of tomato is common. For the detection of Pst, seeds are first soaked in buffer. Then a stomacher is used for the release of bacteria from the seeds. The bacteria are concentrated by centrifugation. Then dilution plating on two semi-selectice media KBZ and KBBC is performed. Suspected colonies are transferred to KB and finally identified by PCR or a pathogenicity assay. Pst forms small, flat and pink-colored colonies on KBZ after ca. 5 days. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

In the Duchefa Biochemie’s Leifert and Wai tes Sterility Test, Medium Beef extract 3.0 g/l has been replaced by 7,0 g/l Meat extract to obtain a more clear and stable medium. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Malt Agar medium is a non-selective multipurpose medium for cultivation of numerous fungi. Lowering the pH of the medium below 5.5 results in the inhibitionof bacteria and permits good recovery of yeasts and moulds. Growth of bacteria can be reduced by the addition of antibiotics. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

CS20ABN has been developed by Chang et al. to isolate Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) from crucifer seeds. The original medium recipe allowed the quick isolation of most isolates of Xcc. However, the recovery of some isolates of Xcc was poor due to pH-dependent sensitivity to neomycin. In the modified version, the pH is lowered to 6.5 by the addi-tion of extra potassium dihydrogen phosphate. This modification improved the recovery of some neomycin-sensitive isolates considerably.Contaminated seed lots can be detected by dilution plating of the bacterial extract on mCS20ABN and mFS. Suspected isolates are then transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of the suspected isolates can be determined by a pathogenicity test using brassica seedlings.The colonies of Xcc and Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae are yellow, mucoid and surrounded by a zone of starch hydrolysis. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

mD5A (modified D-5 Agar medium) is used to detect seed borne Xanthomonas campestris pv. carota (Xccar), the causal organism of bacterial blight of carrots. Contaminated seed lots can be detected by dilution plating of the bacterial extract on mD5A and another semi-selective medium. Suspected isolates are then transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of the suspected isolates can be determined by PCR. Colonies of Xccar on mD5A medium look straw-yellow, glistening, round, smooth, convex and are 2–3 mm in diameter. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

mFS (modified Fieldhouse Sasser medium) has been developed to detect black rot in brassica. This medium is complementary to mCS20ABN (C5122) due to some alternative antibiotics. Modifications concern the addition of extra starch and omission of gentamycin.Contaminated seed lots can be detected by dilution plating of the bacterial extract on mCS20ABN and mFS. Suspected isolates are then transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of the suspected isolates can be determined by a pathogenicity test using brassica seedlings.The colonies of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. amoraciae (Xca) on mFS medium are pale green to transparant, mucoid and surrounded by a small zone of starch hydrolysis. Colonies are in general smaller than on mCS20ABN and may show remarkable variation in size and may be visible only after 5-6 days. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

mKM medium (modified KM-1 medium) is used to detect Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xccar). Contaminated seed lots can be detected by dilution plating of the bacterial extract on mD5A and another semi-selective medium. Suspected iso-lates are then transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of the suspected isolates can be determined by PCR. The colonies of Xccar on mKM plates are light-yellow cream, light brown to peach yellow, glistening, round and about 2 – 4 mm in diameter. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

MSP (Modified Sucrose Peptone) medium is a suitable medium for the detection of Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Pspha) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). Addition of bromothymol blue gives this medium a blue appearance. The color of bacterial colonies is influenced by this compound. The assay starts with dilution plating of bacterial extract from seeds on MSP. Then suspected colonies from MSP can be transferred to King’s B Medium (K5165). Finally, the identity of suspected isolates is confirmed by a pathogenicity test or PCR. Colonies of Pspha and Pss are ca. 3 mm in diameter, circular, raised, globose, glistening and light yellow with a denser centerThe medium around Pspha colonies turns light yellow after three days of incubation. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

The MT (Milk-Tween) Medium is a semi-selective medium for the detection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Pspha) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) in bean seed. The medium relies on the ability of the micro-organisms to hydrolyze casein. Suspected isolates are transferred to YDC (Xap) or KB (Pss and Pspha). Finally, the identity of suspected col-onies is determined by PCR or a pathogenicity test.The colonies of Pspha and Pss are cream white, flat circular, 4-5 mm in diameter and produce a blue fluorescent pigment under UV light. Xap colonies (3 – 3.5 mm in diameter) are yellow, non fluorescent and typical two zones surround colonies: a bigger, clear zone of casein hydrolysis and a smaller zone of Tween 80 lipolysis. Xap var. fuscans (1 – 2 mm in diameter) produces a brown pigment within 5 days. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

mTBM Medium (modified TBM medium) is used to detect Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xccar). Other semi- selective media for Xanthomonas campestris pv. carotae are mKM Medium (K5125) and mD5A Medium (D5124). The colonies of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae on mTBM plates are white or yellow or white-yellow, glistening round, convex with entire margins and surrounded by a large clear zone of casein hydrolyses. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Bacterial spot is an important bacterial disease of peppers. Two different bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv) can incite this seed borne disease. mTMB (modified Tween Medium B) is a semi-selective medium for detection of Xcv and Xv on seeds of pepper and tomato. The colonies of Xcv and Xv on mTMB plates are yellow, slightly mucoid, mounded and round. Xcv utilizes Tween 80 and in 3-7 days a white crystalline halo usually forms around the yellow colony. Contaminated seed lots can be detected by dilution plating of the bacterial extract on CKTM, mKM or MXV. Suspected isolates are then transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of the suspected isolates can be deter-mined by a pathogenicity test or PCR. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

The mXCP1 (modified Xanthomonas Campestris pv. Phaseoli) medium is a semi-selective medium for the detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) in bean seed. Both the fuscans and non-fuscans type of Xap grow on mXCP1. However the production of the fuscous pigment only becomes visible after a relatively long incubation. Modification of the medium was necessary because of poor recovery of isolates of the Xap var. fuscans type. Recognition of putative Xap colonies relies on the ability of the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phase-oli to hydrolyze starch. The colonies of Xanthomonas axonopo-dis pv. phaseoli on the mXCP1 plate are surrounded by a clear zone of starch hydrolysis.Detection of Psp and Xap is often performed in combi-assay. Xap is detected by dilution plating of bacterial extract from seeds on mXCP1. Then suspected colonies from mXCP1 should be transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of suspected iso-lates is confirmed by a pathogenicity test or PCR.Xap colonies are yellow mucoid, convex and surrounded by a clear zone of starch hydrolysis. Colonies of var. fuscan are distin-guished by brown pigmentation. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Bacterial spot is an important bacterial disease of peppers.Two different bacteria, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) and Xanthomonas vesicatoria (Xv) can incite this seed borne disease. MXV medium is a semi-selective medium for detection of Xcv and Xv on seeds of pepper and tomato. The colonies of Xcv on MXV plates utilize Tween 80 and are yellow and mucoid. Contaminated seed lots can be detected by dilution plating of the bacterial extract on mTMB, CKTM or mKM. Suspected isolates are then transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of the suspected isolates can be deter-mined by a pathogenicity test or PCR. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

CAS number 73049-73-7
For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. porri (Pspo) is the causal organism of bacterial blight of leek. This pathogen can be seed-borne and therefore the testing of seeds of leek is common. Seeds of leek can be saprophyte-rich and this might disguise the presence of Pspo. Detection of this bacterium is performed by dilution plating on highly selective media such as KBBC and PSM (Pseudomonas Syringae Medium). Putative Pspo colonies are then transferred to KB. Thereafter the identity of the suspected colonies is determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, the identity is determined by a Pspo-specific PCR or a pathogenicity assay using seedlings of leek. On PSM the colonies of Pspo are 2-4 mm in diameter, circular with smooth edge, translucent, creamy-yellow to transparant white. Note that the color of Pspo colonies is rather variable since the accumulation of bromothymol blue per colony is strongly dependent on the total number of colonies per plate. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

PTSA (Peptone Tyrosine Sodium chloride Agar) is a semi-selectivemedium for the detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli in bean seed. The medium is not very selective in com-parison with mXCP1, but especially colonies from the var. fus-cans are easily recognized on this medium because of their excessive production of visible brown pigment. The non-fuscansisolates of Xap grow well on PTSA medium but their recognition is much more difficult due to the lack of pigment production. For relatively clean seed lots, PTSA medium is useful, but for saprophyte-rich samples mXCP1 is much more suitable. Xap is detected by dilution plating of bacterial extract from seeds on PTSA. Then suspected colonies from PTSA should be transferred to YDC. Finally, the identity of suspected isolates isconfirmed by a pathogenicity test or PCR.Colonies of Xap var. fuscans are distinguished by brown pigmentation. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Bacterial canker is the most important bacterial disease of tomato. The causal organism is Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) and this bacterium can be intro-duced by contaminated seeds. For the detection of Cmm, toma-to seeds are first soaked in buffer. Then a stomacher is used for the release of bacteria from the seeds. After the concentra-tion of the bacteria, dilution plating on two semi-selective media is performed. SCM medium is such a semi-selective media. Actually, there are several modifications in use con-cerning the used carbon source, LiCl and the addition of antibi-otics. This medium is used in combination with D2ANX medi-um (D5128). After dilution plating suspected isolates are trans-ferred to YDC. Finally the identity of suspected isolates is determined by a pathogenicity test or PCR. The colonies of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis on SCM are small, light to dark grey, glistening, fluidal and often irregularly shaped. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi (Pspi) is the causal organism of bacterial blight of pea. The use of clean seeds is an important measure for controlling this disease. SNAC is derived from the SNA medium. The selectivity of the medium was increased by the addition of boric acid and antibiotics. In general dilution plating on semi-selective medium such as SNAC and/or KBBC is used for the detection of Psp. Then suspected colonies are transferred to KB. Through immunofluorescence microscopy, PCR or a pathogenicity assay the identity of suspected isolates can be confirmed.Colonies of Pspi on SNAC are white to transparent mucoid and dome-shaped. For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

YDC (Yeast extract-dextrose-CaCO3) medium is a non-selective media. YDC is used amongst others for subculturing suspected xanthomonads (yellow) and clavibacters (orange) after dilution on semi-selective media (see photo). For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.

For detailed information about Duchefa’s Phytopathological media have a look at our specialized brochure about this topic. Brochure can be found at the “Brochure section” at the home page of this website.